In human anatomy muscular system is the set of over 600
muscles of the body, whose primary function is to generate movement, whether voluntary
or involuntary
-skeletal and visceral muscles, respectively. Some of the muscles can weaken both ways, so they are usually categorized as mixed
.
muscular system allows the skeleton
move, maintain its stability and shape of the body. In vertebrates
is controlled through the nervous system
, although some muscles (such as heart
) can operate autonomously. Approximately 40% of the human body
consists of muscles, meaning that for every kilogram
total weight, 400 grams
correspond to
muscle tissue.
functions of the muscular system The muscular system is responsible for:
The Locomotion: make the movement of body and limb movement
.
The motor activity of internal organs: the muscular system is responsible for making all of our
organs perform their functions, helping to other systems such as the cardiovascular system
.
physiological status information, eg renal colic caused strong contractions of the smooth muscle to generate strong
pain, signs of colic itself.
The Mime: the set of facial actions
, also known as gestures, which serve to express what we feel and perceive.
Stability: the muscles along with the bones allow the body to be stable, while in active state.
Posture: position control by the body at rest.
Production of heat to produce muscle contractions
originates heat energy.
Form: The muscles and tendons
give the typical appearance of the body.
Protection: the muscular system serves as a defense to the vital organs.
components muscular system muscular system consists of muscles and tendons.
Muscles The main function of the muscle is contracted in order to generate movement and perform vital functions. There are three groups of muscles as you:
• The skeletal muscle
• The smooth muscle
• The
heart muscle
Depending on how they are controlled:
· Volunteers: Controlled by the individual
· Involuntary: Led by the central nervous system
· Self: Its function is to contract smoothly without stopping.
· Mixed: controlled by the individual muscles and nervous system, such as the eyelids.
The muscles are made up
protein called myosin
, it is found in all animals in the animal kingdom and even in some plants that have the ability to move. Muscle tissue is composed of a series of fibers grouped in bundles or primary masses and wrapped fascia a kind of sheath or protective membrane that prevents the movement of muscle. The muscle fibers have abundant intraprotoplasmáticos filaments called myofibrils, which are placed parallel along the long axis of the cell and occupy almost the entire cell mass. The myofibrils of smooth muscle fibers are apparently homogeneous, but the striated muscle with areas of different refraction, which is due to the distribution of the major components of myofibrils, proteins actin and myosin
.
The shape of the muscles
Each muscle has a specific structure, depending on the function they perform, among them are:
fusiform spindle-shaped muscles. Being thicker at its center and thinner at the ends.
flat and wide, are found in the chest (abdominal), and protect vital organs located in the thorax.
Fan, the pectoral muscles or jaw temporary. Circulars
, ring-shaped muscles. Found in many organs, for opening and closing lines. eg pylorus
or the anal opening.
Orbicular, the spindle-like muscles, but with a hole in the center, serve to close and open other organs. For example
lips and eyes
The tendons Tendons are muscle tissue, white, whose main function is to attach muscle to bone. The structure of this tissue consists of fibers
mesenchymal tissue.
There are two types of tendons as you:
Without
synovial sheath : are located in areas of low friction
with synovial sheath, are located in areas of high friction operation
While we associate the muscles in motion , we usually think of the obvious functions, in reality they are also allowing us to push the food through the digestive system
, breathe and circulate to
blood. The muscular system operation can be divided into 3 processes, a volunteer in charge of skeletal muscle by the other involuntary visceral muscles and the last process of the cardiac muscles duty and autonomous operation.
skeletal muscles allow us to walk, run, jump, in order to allow us to move to full control. With the exception of reflexes are involuntary responses generated as a result of a stimulus. Regarding involuntary muscles working, you can specify who work independently of our will, but are monitored and controlled by the nervous system, is responsible for generating pressure for the transfer of fluids and transport substances through the body with the help of the peristaltic movements (such as food during the process of digestion and excretion). The autonomous process takes place in the heart, an organ made of cardiac muscles. The primary function of this muscle tissue is contracting regularly, millions of times, it must bear the fatigue and exhaustion, or else the heart would stop.
Care muscular system muscular system to keep in top condition, it must be considered a balanced diet, right amount of glucose
which is the main energy source for our muscles. Avoid excess consumption of fats
, and which are not metabolized completely, producing
overweight. For prolonged exercise routines, they need a diet rich in sugars and vitamins.
addition to a healthy diet is recommended physical exercise, muscle exercise causes muscles to work, developing strength and increasing volume, elasticity and contractility acquiring, holding up better to fatigue. It also benefits the skeletal development strengthens, strengthens and shapes, because the muscles pull exerted on the bones, if the exercises are performed correctly, perfect harmony lines and curves. Exercise helps the performance of the bodies. Increases the thoracic volume, improves breathing
and bloodstream, increasing the size of
lungs and heart
. Another effect of exercise
is causing a considerable increase in appetite, promoting digestion
and assimilation of food. Diseases
diseases affecting the muscular system can be produced by some viruses that directly affect muscle ailments are also experienced muscle fatigue, poor posture, during vigorous or accidents.
Some diseases and conditions that affect the muscular system are:
tear: muscle tissue breakdown. Cramp
: involuntary twitching, which affects the superficial muscles.
Sprain: an injury caused by moderate damage or total muscle fibers.
muscular dystrophy: Degeneration of skeletal muscle.
atrophy: loss or diminution of muscle tissue, in other words, a muscle wasting.
hypertrophy: abnormal growth or development of the muscles, resulting in some serious distortion.
polio, commonly known as polio. It is a disease caused by a virus that attacks the central nervous system
and causes nerve impulses are not transmitted and limb atrophy.
myasthenia gravis: a neuromuscular disorder is characterized by a weak muscle.
skeletal muscles of the human body
Muscles of the masticatory muscles head
-Digastric also studied with the suprahyoid muscles cuello-
Masetero Pterigoideo interno Pterigoideo externo Temporal Músculos cutáneos
· Músculos cutáneos del
cráneo Frontal Occipital · Músculos extrínsecos del pabellón de la
oreja Auricular superior Auricular anterior Auricular posterior (Los músculos intrínsecos del pabellón de la oreja se estudian con los músculos anexos a los órganos de los sentidos: músculos anexos al sentido del oído)
· Muscles of the face
Of the eyelids
:
orbicularis superciliare From
nose wings Dilator nose Mirtiforme procerus Transverse the nose From
mouth and lips
Borla chin or beard Buccinator Canino zygomaticus major zygomaticus minor Squared chin or beard
Lift common wing of the nose and upper lip lift own upper lip orbicularis oris
or labial
risoria Santorini Triangular lips Muscles attached to the bodies of senses
·
orbit Muscles of the upper eyelid lift
obliquus obliquus superior Straight Straight Straight lower internal rectus · Muscles
Amigdalogloso
language styloglossus Faringogloso genioglossus hyoglossus Lingual Lingual higher than palatoglossus Transverse · muscles attachments to the sense of hearing
flag Intrinsic muscles
the ear greater muscle of helix smaller muscle of helix drink Muscle Muscle antitragus
Transverse oblique
(Muscles extrinsic pinna muscles are studied in skin of the head). Muscles
engines
ossicles stapes muscle
Hammer Muscle Thick lateral neck region angle of the scapula neck cutaneous
anterior scalene middle scalene scalene posterior
Sternocleidomastoid Straight lateral head Region hyoid bone infrahyoid
·
sternohyoid muscles sternothyroid omohyoid thyrohyoid ·
suprahyoid muscles Digastric -chewing is also a muscle-
Stylohyoid Mylohyoid geniohyoid prevertebral region Long neck
longus head Rectus under head back of the neck region, or
neck muscles of the neck muscles are studied in the region back of the trunk and neck. Thick
trunk
Thick anterolateral chest
Pectoralis major (Pectoralis major)
Pectoralis minor (Pectoralis minor)
more Serrato (serratus longus)
Subclavius \u200b\u200b (subclavius)
costal diaphragm region (diaphragm)-this muscle belongs to the chest and abdomen-
Infracostales internal intercostals means
intercostals external intercostals Supracostales Triangular sternum
posterior trunk region and neck (neck
)
superficial muscles levator scapulae
(Levator scapulae)
Latissimus dorsi (latissimus dorsi)
Rhomboid (Rhomboidei)
Serrato lower posterior (superior posterior serratus minor)
Serrato lower posterior (inferior posterior serratus minor)
Trapeze (Trapezius)
the neck muscles themselves Cervical transverse splenium head neck
Esplanio
interspinous oblique head oblique head Straight
posterior major head Straight
posterior minor head spinous transverse Muscles
spine ·
Triceps Muscle spinal cord
Trained by:
iliocostalis (iliocostalis)
the back longissimus (Longissimus dorsi)
Epiespinosos the back (spinalis medialis) Transverse
thorny (Transversus spinosus)
semispinalis (Semiespinalis)
multifidus (multifidus rachii)
·
intertransverse muscles intertransverse
neck down the back
intertransverse intertransverse lumbar interspinous
· Muscles Muscles · Prickly thorn
the back of the neck Espinoso
coccygeal muscles Isquiococcígeo -is studied in the perineum
-
later Sacrococcygeal previous Sacrococcygeal Thick
anterolateral abdomen
oblique abdominis oblique abdomen abdomen
Pyramid (Pyramidalis)
rectus abdominis transversus abdominis
Posterior lumbar-iliac or lumbar
Square (Quadratus lumborum)
Diaphragm (diaphragm)-also belongs to thoracic
Psoas major (Psoas major)
Psoas minor (Psoas mino)
perineal muscles
man Perineum Common peroneal
Levator ani
Isquiococcígeo Rectococcígeo previous Perineum
superficial transverse perineal
ischiocavernosus bulbocavernosus external urethral sphincter -o-
Perineal striated sphincter
posterior external anal sphincter
women Perineum Perineum
common Levator ani
Isquiococcígeo Rectococcígeo previous Perineum
superficial transverse perineal ischiocavernosus bulbocavernosus -constrictor constrictor vagina or vulva-
external urethral sphincter striated sphincter-or post-
Perineum
external anal sphincter
deep transverse
Rectovaginal limb muscles
Upper limb Shoulder Muscles
Deltoid (deltoideus)
Supraspinatus (Supraespinatus)
Infraspinatus (Infraspinatus)
Teres major (Teres major)
Teres minor
(Teres minor)
Subscapularis Muscles arm above
· Region
Biceps brachii (Biceps brachii)
brachialis (brachialis)
coracobrachialis (coracobrachialis) posterior
· Region
Triceps brachii (Triceps brachii)
Muscles of forearm
previous · Region
ulnaris (
common flexor surface of fingers Flexor digitorum profundus common hand Flexor
's own hand thumb palmar
less Palmar
Pronator quadratus (pronator quadratus)
Pronator teres (pronator teres)
· Region
external
first outer radial (extensor radialis longus)
second external radial (extensor radialis brevis)
Supinator
short (Supinator brevis)
brachioradialis (Supinator longus Brachiorradialis)
· Region
back anconeus (Anconeus)
Extensor digitorum hand
extensor of the little finger of the hand (Extensor digiti minimi)
carpi ulnaris longus separator (Abductor pollicis longus)
Extensor pollicis brevis hand Extensor pollicis
hand index Extender hand muscles
external palmar
· Region:
thenar Adductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis pollicis
Opponent Adductor pollicis (adductor pollicis)
· Region palmar Internal
hypothenar Palmar skin little Adductor brevis Flexor
pinky pinky
Opponent · Region
palmar half of the hand Lumbricals interossei palmar (palm Interossei)
dorsal interossei leg muscles of the pelvis
iliopsoas : some authors describe this muscle in the back or lumbar-iliac abdominal region, exclusively. However, others also include it in the lower limb muscles
, since it is flexor and rotator
thigh. Cuadrado crural
Geminus Geminus higher than Gluteus maximus (Gluteus maximus) Gute
medium gluteus minimus (Gluteus minimus)
external shutter (Obturator externus)
Shutter internal (Obturator internus)
Piriformis muscle
Thick thigh · Region anterolateral femoral quadriceps
:
crural , vastus
,
vastus lateralis, rectus
Sartorio Tensor fascia lata · Region
posteromedial thigh adductor magnus Adductor mid thigh thigh adductor brevis
or femoral biceps femoris (biceps femoris)
pectineus
gracilis semitendinosus Semimembranosus Leg Muscles
· Region anterior tibial anterior
great toe extensor Extensor digitorum anterior peroneal · Region
external
peroneus longus peroneus brevis
· Region
posterior popliteal long Flexor digitorum Tibialis posterior Flexor
long thick finger
own
Triceps sural :
internal twin, outer twin
,
soleus. Plantar
Thick thin foot
· Region
dorsal extensor Pedio or short toes internal plantar
· Region
thick adductor
thick Flexor brevis Abductor thick finger
external plantar
· Region
Abductor little toe flexor short little toe Opponent of little toe · plantar region half
short plantar flexor accessory flexor foot
Lumbricals interossei foot
