In human anatomy muscular system is the set of over 600 muscles of the body, whose primary function is to generate movement, whether voluntary or involuntary -skeletal and visceral muscles, respectively. Some of the muscles can weaken both ways, so they are usually categorized as mixed .
muscular system allows the skeleton move, maintain its stability and shape of the body. In vertebrates is controlled through the nervous system , although some muscles (such as heart ) can operate autonomously. Approximately 40% of the human body consists of muscles, meaning that for every kilogram total weight, 400 grams correspond to muscle tissue.
functions of the muscular system The muscular system is responsible for:
The Locomotion: make the movement of body and limb movement .
The motor activity of internal organs: the muscular system is responsible for making all of our organs perform their functions, helping to other systems such as the cardiovascular system .
physiological status information, eg renal colic caused strong contractions of the smooth muscle to generate strong pain, signs of colic itself.
The Mime: the set of facial actions , also known as gestures, which serve to express what we feel and perceive.
Stability: the muscles along with the bones allow the body to be stable, while in active state.
Posture: position control by the body at rest.
Production of heat to produce muscle contractions originates heat energy.
Form: The muscles and tendons give the typical appearance of the body.
Protection: the muscular system serves as a defense to the vital organs.
components muscular system muscular system consists of muscles and tendons.
Muscles The main function of the muscle is contracted in order to generate movement and perform vital functions. There are three groups of muscles as you:
• The skeletal muscle
• The smooth muscle
• The heart muscle
Depending on how they are controlled:
· Volunteers: Controlled by the individual
· Involuntary: Led by the central nervous system
· Self: Its function is to contract smoothly without stopping.
· Mixed: controlled by the individual muscles and nervous system, such as the eyelids.
The muscles are made up protein called myosin , it is found in all animals in the animal kingdom and even in some plants that have the ability to move. Muscle tissue is composed of a series of fibers grouped in bundles or primary masses and wrapped fascia a kind of sheath or protective membrane that prevents the movement of muscle. The muscle fibers have abundant intraprotoplasmáticos filaments called myofibrils, which are placed parallel along the long axis of the cell and occupy almost the entire cell mass. The myofibrils of smooth muscle fibers are apparently homogeneous, but the striated muscle with areas of different refraction, which is due to the distribution of the major components of myofibrils, proteins actin and myosin .
The shape of the muscles
Each muscle has a specific structure, depending on the function they perform, among them are:
fusiform spindle-shaped muscles. Being thicker at its center and thinner at the ends.
flat and wide, are found in the chest (abdominal), and protect vital organs located in the thorax.
Fan, the pectoral muscles or jaw temporary. Circulars
, ring-shaped muscles. Found in many organs, for opening and closing lines. eg pylorus or the anal opening.
Orbicular, the spindle-like muscles, but with a hole in the center, serve to close and open other organs. For example lips and eyes
The tendons Tendons are muscle tissue, white, whose main function is to attach muscle to bone. The structure of this tissue consists of fibers mesenchymal tissue.
There are two types of tendons as you:
Without synovial sheath : are located in areas of low friction
with synovial sheath, are located in areas of high friction operation
While we associate the muscles in motion , we usually think of the obvious functions, in reality they are also allowing us to push the food through the digestive system , breathe and circulate to blood. The muscular system operation can be divided into 3 processes, a volunteer in charge of skeletal muscle by the other involuntary visceral muscles and the last process of the cardiac muscles duty and autonomous operation.
skeletal muscles allow us to walk, run, jump, in order to allow us to move to full control. With the exception of reflexes are involuntary responses generated as a result of a stimulus. Regarding involuntary muscles working, you can specify who work independently of our will, but are monitored and controlled by the nervous system, is responsible for generating pressure for the transfer of fluids and transport substances through the body with the help of the peristaltic movements (such as food during the process of digestion and excretion). The autonomous process takes place in the heart, an organ made of cardiac muscles. The primary function of this muscle tissue is contracting regularly, millions of times, it must bear the fatigue and exhaustion, or else the heart would stop.
Care muscular system muscular system to keep in top condition, it must be considered a balanced diet, right amount of glucose which is the main energy source for our muscles. Avoid excess consumption of fats , and which are not metabolized completely, producing overweight. For prolonged exercise routines, they need a diet rich in sugars and vitamins.
addition to a healthy diet is recommended physical exercise, muscle exercise causes muscles to work, developing strength and increasing volume, elasticity and contractility acquiring, holding up better to fatigue. It also benefits the skeletal development strengthens, strengthens and shapes, because the muscles pull exerted on the bones, if the exercises are performed correctly, perfect harmony lines and curves. Exercise helps the performance of the bodies. Increases the thoracic volume, improves breathing and bloodstream, increasing the size of lungs and heart . Another effect of exercise is causing a considerable increase in appetite, promoting digestion and assimilation of food. Diseases
diseases affecting the muscular system can be produced by some viruses that directly affect muscle ailments are also experienced muscle fatigue, poor posture, during vigorous or accidents.
Some diseases and conditions that affect the muscular system are:
tear: muscle tissue breakdown. Cramp
: involuntary twitching, which affects the superficial muscles.
Sprain: an injury caused by moderate damage or total muscle fibers.
muscular dystrophy: Degeneration of skeletal muscle.
atrophy: loss or diminution of muscle tissue, in other words, a muscle wasting.
hypertrophy: abnormal growth or development of the muscles, resulting in some serious distortion.
polio, commonly known as polio. It is a disease caused by a virus that attacks the central nervous system and causes nerve impulses are not transmitted and limb atrophy.
myasthenia gravis: a neuromuscular disorder is characterized by a weak muscle.
skeletal muscles of the human body
muscular system allows the skeleton move, maintain its stability and shape of the body. In vertebrates is controlled through the nervous system , although some muscles (such as heart ) can operate autonomously. Approximately 40% of the human body consists of muscles, meaning that for every kilogram total weight, 400 grams correspond to muscle tissue.
functions of the muscular system The muscular system is responsible for:
The Locomotion: make the movement of body and limb movement .
The motor activity of internal organs: the muscular system is responsible for making all of our organs perform their functions, helping to other systems such as the cardiovascular system .
physiological status information, eg renal colic caused strong contractions of the smooth muscle to generate strong pain, signs of colic itself.
The Mime: the set of facial actions , also known as gestures, which serve to express what we feel and perceive.
Stability: the muscles along with the bones allow the body to be stable, while in active state.
Posture: position control by the body at rest.
Production of heat to produce muscle contractions originates heat energy.
Form: The muscles and tendons give the typical appearance of the body.
Protection: the muscular system serves as a defense to the vital organs.
components muscular system muscular system consists of muscles and tendons.
Muscles The main function of the muscle is contracted in order to generate movement and perform vital functions. There are three groups of muscles as you:
• The skeletal muscle
• The smooth muscle
• The heart muscle
Depending on how they are controlled:
· Volunteers: Controlled by the individual
· Involuntary: Led by the central nervous system
· Self: Its function is to contract smoothly without stopping.
· Mixed: controlled by the individual muscles and nervous system, such as the eyelids.
The muscles are made up protein called myosin , it is found in all animals in the animal kingdom and even in some plants that have the ability to move. Muscle tissue is composed of a series of fibers grouped in bundles or primary masses and wrapped fascia a kind of sheath or protective membrane that prevents the movement of muscle. The muscle fibers have abundant intraprotoplasmáticos filaments called myofibrils, which are placed parallel along the long axis of the cell and occupy almost the entire cell mass. The myofibrils of smooth muscle fibers are apparently homogeneous, but the striated muscle with areas of different refraction, which is due to the distribution of the major components of myofibrils, proteins actin and myosin .
The shape of the muscles
Each muscle has a specific structure, depending on the function they perform, among them are:
fusiform spindle-shaped muscles. Being thicker at its center and thinner at the ends.
flat and wide, are found in the chest (abdominal), and protect vital organs located in the thorax.
Fan, the pectoral muscles or jaw temporary. Circulars
, ring-shaped muscles. Found in many organs, for opening and closing lines. eg pylorus or the anal opening.
Orbicular, the spindle-like muscles, but with a hole in the center, serve to close and open other organs. For example lips and eyes
The tendons Tendons are muscle tissue, white, whose main function is to attach muscle to bone. The structure of this tissue consists of fibers mesenchymal tissue.
There are two types of tendons as you:
Without synovial sheath : are located in areas of low friction
with synovial sheath, are located in areas of high friction operation
While we associate the muscles in motion , we usually think of the obvious functions, in reality they are also allowing us to push the food through the digestive system , breathe and circulate to blood. The muscular system operation can be divided into 3 processes, a volunteer in charge of skeletal muscle by the other involuntary visceral muscles and the last process of the cardiac muscles duty and autonomous operation.
skeletal muscles allow us to walk, run, jump, in order to allow us to move to full control. With the exception of reflexes are involuntary responses generated as a result of a stimulus. Regarding involuntary muscles working, you can specify who work independently of our will, but are monitored and controlled by the nervous system, is responsible for generating pressure for the transfer of fluids and transport substances through the body with the help of the peristaltic movements (such as food during the process of digestion and excretion). The autonomous process takes place in the heart, an organ made of cardiac muscles. The primary function of this muscle tissue is contracting regularly, millions of times, it must bear the fatigue and exhaustion, or else the heart would stop.
Care muscular system muscular system to keep in top condition, it must be considered a balanced diet, right amount of glucose which is the main energy source for our muscles. Avoid excess consumption of fats , and which are not metabolized completely, producing overweight. For prolonged exercise routines, they need a diet rich in sugars and vitamins.
addition to a healthy diet is recommended physical exercise, muscle exercise causes muscles to work, developing strength and increasing volume, elasticity and contractility acquiring, holding up better to fatigue. It also benefits the skeletal development strengthens, strengthens and shapes, because the muscles pull exerted on the bones, if the exercises are performed correctly, perfect harmony lines and curves. Exercise helps the performance of the bodies. Increases the thoracic volume, improves breathing and bloodstream, increasing the size of lungs and heart . Another effect of exercise is causing a considerable increase in appetite, promoting digestion and assimilation of food. Diseases
diseases affecting the muscular system can be produced by some viruses that directly affect muscle ailments are also experienced muscle fatigue, poor posture, during vigorous or accidents.
Some diseases and conditions that affect the muscular system are:
tear: muscle tissue breakdown. Cramp
: involuntary twitching, which affects the superficial muscles.
Sprain: an injury caused by moderate damage or total muscle fibers.
muscular dystrophy: Degeneration of skeletal muscle.
atrophy: loss or diminution of muscle tissue, in other words, a muscle wasting.
hypertrophy: abnormal growth or development of the muscles, resulting in some serious distortion.
polio, commonly known as polio. It is a disease caused by a virus that attacks the central nervous system and causes nerve impulses are not transmitted and limb atrophy.
myasthenia gravis: a neuromuscular disorder is characterized by a weak muscle.
skeletal muscles of the human body
Muscles of the masticatory muscles
head
-Digastric also studied with the suprahyoid muscles cuello-
Masetero
Pterigoideo interno
Pterigoideo externo
Temporal
Músculos cutáneos
· Músculos cutáneos del cráneo
Frontal
Occipital
· Músculos extrínsecos del pabellón de la oreja
Auricular superior
Auricular anterior
Auricular posterior
(Los músculos intrínsecos del pabellón de la oreja se estudian con los músculos anexos a los órganos de los sentidos: músculos anexos al sentido del oído)
· Muscles of the face
Of the eyelids :
orbicularis
superciliare
From
nose wings Dilator nose
Mirtiforme
procerus Transverse
the nose
From mouth and lips
Borla chin or beard
Buccinator
Canino
zygomaticus major zygomaticus minor
Squared chin or beard
Lift common wing of the nose and upper lip lift
own
upper lip orbicularis oris or labial
risoria
Santorini Triangular lips
Muscles attached to the bodies of senses
·
orbit Muscles of the upper eyelid lift
obliquus obliquus superior
Straight Straight Straight
lower internal rectus
· Muscles
Amigdalogloso language
styloglossus
Faringogloso
genioglossus
hyoglossus
Lingual Lingual higher than
palatoglossus
Transverse
· muscles attachments to the sense of hearing
flag Intrinsic muscles the ear
greater muscle of helix smaller
muscle of helix
drink Muscle Muscle antitragus
Transverse oblique
(Muscles extrinsic pinna muscles are studied in skin of the head). Muscles
engines
ossicles stapes muscle
Hammer Muscle
Thick lateral neck region
angle of the scapula neck cutaneous
anterior scalene
middle scalene scalene posterior
Sternocleidomastoid
Straight lateral head
Region hyoid bone
infrahyoid
· sternohyoid muscles
sternothyroid
omohyoid
thyrohyoid
·
suprahyoid muscles Digastric -chewing is also a muscle-
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid
geniohyoid
prevertebral region Long neck
longus head
Rectus under
head back of the neck region, or
neck muscles of the neck muscles are studied in the region back of the trunk and neck. Thick
trunk
Thick anterolateral chest
Pectoralis major (Pectoralis major)
Pectoralis minor (Pectoralis minor)
more Serrato (serratus longus)
Subclavius \u200b\u200b (subclavius)
costal diaphragm region (diaphragm)-this muscle belongs to the chest and abdomen-
Infracostales
internal intercostals
means
intercostals external intercostals
Supracostales Triangular
sternum
posterior trunk region and neck (neck )
superficial muscles levator scapulae
(Levator scapulae)
Latissimus dorsi (latissimus dorsi)
Rhomboid (Rhomboidei)
Serrato lower posterior (superior posterior serratus minor)
Serrato lower posterior (inferior posterior serratus minor)
Trapeze (Trapezius)
the neck muscles themselves
Cervical transverse
splenium head neck
Esplanio
interspinous
oblique head
oblique head
Straight posterior major head
Straight posterior minor head
spinous transverse
Muscles spine
·
Triceps Muscle spinal cord Trained by:
iliocostalis (iliocostalis)
the back longissimus (Longissimus dorsi)
Epiespinosos the back (spinalis medialis) Transverse
thorny (Transversus spinosus)
semispinalis (Semiespinalis)
multifidus (multifidus rachii)
·
intertransverse muscles intertransverse
neck down the back intertransverse
intertransverse lumbar interspinous
· Muscles Muscles
· Prickly thorn
the back of the neck Espinoso
coccygeal muscles
Isquiococcígeo -is studied in the perineum -
later Sacrococcygeal
previous Sacrococcygeal Thick
anterolateral abdomen
oblique abdominis oblique
abdomen abdomen
Pyramid (Pyramidalis)
rectus abdominis transversus abdominis
Posterior lumbar-iliac or lumbar
Square (Quadratus lumborum)
Diaphragm (diaphragm)-also belongs to thoracic
Psoas major (Psoas major)
Psoas minor (Psoas mino)
perineal muscles man Perineum Common peroneal
Levator ani
Isquiococcígeo
Rectococcígeo
previous Perineum
superficial transverse perineal
ischiocavernosus
bulbocavernosus
external urethral sphincter -o-
Perineal striated sphincter
posterior external anal sphincter
women Perineum Perineum
common Levator ani
Isquiococcígeo
Rectococcígeo
previous Perineum
superficial transverse perineal
ischiocavernosus
bulbocavernosus -constrictor constrictor vagina or vulva-
external urethral sphincter striated sphincter-or post-
Perineum
external anal sphincter
deep transverse
Rectovaginal
limb muscles
Upper limb Shoulder Muscles
Deltoid (deltoideus)
Supraspinatus (Supraespinatus)
Infraspinatus (Infraspinatus)
Teres major (Teres major)
Teres minor (Teres minor)
Subscapularis Muscles
arm above
· Region Biceps brachii (Biceps brachii)
brachialis (brachialis)
coracobrachialis (coracobrachialis) posterior
· Region
Triceps brachii (Triceps brachii)
Muscles of forearm previous
· Region ulnaris (
common flexor surface of fingers
Flexor digitorum profundus common hand
Flexor 's own hand thumb palmar
less
Palmar Pronator quadratus (pronator quadratus)
Pronator teres (pronator teres)
· Region
external first outer radial (extensor radialis longus)
second external radial (extensor radialis brevis)
Supinator short (Supinator brevis)
brachioradialis (Supinator longus Brachiorradialis)
· Region
back anconeus (Anconeus)
Extensor digitorum hand
extensor of the little finger of the hand (Extensor digiti minimi)
carpi ulnaris longus separator (Abductor pollicis longus)
Extensor pollicis brevis
hand Extensor pollicis hand
index Extender hand muscles external palmar
· Region: thenar
Adductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis pollicis
Opponent
Adductor pollicis (adductor pollicis)
· Region palmar Internal hypothenar
Palmar skin
little Adductor brevis Flexor
pinky pinky Opponent
· Region
palmar half of the hand Lumbricals
interossei palmar (palm Interossei)
dorsal interossei
leg muscles of the pelvis
iliopsoas : some authors describe this muscle in the back or lumbar-iliac abdominal region, exclusively. However, others also include it in the lower limb muscles , since it is flexor and rotator thigh. Cuadrado crural
Geminus Geminus
higher than
Gluteus maximus (Gluteus maximus) Gute
medium
gluteus minimus (Gluteus minimus)
external shutter (Obturator externus)
Shutter internal (Obturator internus)
Piriformis muscle
Thick thigh
· Region anterolateral femoral quadriceps
: crural , vastus , vastus lateralis, rectus Sartorio
Tensor fascia lata
· Region
posteromedial thigh adductor magnus Adductor
mid thigh thigh adductor brevis
or femoral biceps femoris (biceps femoris)
pectineus
gracilis semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Leg Muscles
· Region anterior tibial anterior
great toe extensor
Extensor digitorum
anterior peroneal
· Region
external
peroneus longus peroneus brevis
· Region
posterior popliteal
long Flexor digitorum
Tibialis posterior Flexor
long thick finger
own Triceps sural : internal twin, outer twin , soleus. Plantar
Thick thin foot
· Region
dorsal extensor Pedio or short toes internal plantar
· Region
thick adductor
thick Flexor brevis Abductor
thick finger external plantar
· Region
Abductor little toe flexor
short little toe
Opponent of little toe
· plantar region half
short plantar flexor
accessory flexor foot
Lumbricals interossei foot
